Scientific Program

Conference Series Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend 4th International Conference on Applied Microbiology and Beneficial Microbes Tokyo, Japan.

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Scientific Program Day 1
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  • Microbiology & Microbes World|Applied Microbiology in Animals |Forensic Microbiology|Petroleum and Biofuels Microbiology|Industrial Microbiology & Food Microbiology|Myocardial infarction and gut micro biota: An incidental connection|Pharmaceutical Microbiology|Gut Microbiota|Oral Microbiology|Molecular Bio robotics
Speaker

Chair

Maulin P Shah

Enviro Technology Limited, India

Speaker

Co-Chair

Ewa Solarska

University of Life Sciences in Lublin,Poland

Session Introduction

El Hadji Seydou Mbaye

Cancer Institute, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

Title: Human Papillomavirus Infection in genital Women in four regions of Senegal
Speaker
Biography:

Dr. El Hadji Seydou Mbaye was born in 1978 in Kaolack a region of Senegal. During 2008-2013, he earned his PhD in Biology and Human Pathologies with the collaboration of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) /WHO, Lyon (France); 2006-2007 : Master of Life and Health, Specialty Biology of microorganisms, Virology in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2005-2006 : Master of Life and Health, option of Immunophysiopathology in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2004-2005 : License of Biochemistry in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2002-2004 : General Degree in Sciences and Technologies in University of METZ (France). He was certified by the Federation International of Gynecology Obstetrics (FIGO), the Accreditation Council of Oncology in Europe (ACOE, www.acoe.be), the Institute Catalan of Oncology (ICO) for cervical cancer prevention (Grade 10/10) in support of Continuing Medical Education for physicians. These credits are also recognized as Physician’s Recognition Award (AMA PRA Category 1 credits) by the American Medical Association. He was certified, by the United Nations for Basic Notion of Security on the Ground-Protection, Health and behavior, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organization, Lyon (France) for Safety Certificate. He has published 1 Book with a style of philosophical story. Author of the world program against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, he is lead author (first listed) of more than 90 peer-reviewed research articles published in reputed journals. He is Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Immunology, Journal of Retro Virology and Anti Retro Virology, Current Scientific Research in Biomedical Sciences (CSRBS), Associate Editors for Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access (JBMOA), Annals of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (AABSc) and associate membership of the World Society for Virology, and also, member of BCNet International Working Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organization (WHO).
Dr MBAYE has formed for free, more than 250 healthcare professionals for the techniques of cervical cancer screening in Senegal. He has appeared on local media, 2S TV, Mbour TV and Leeral.net.

 

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:
Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among women in Senegal. However, there are few data concerning the HPV types inducing neoplasia and cervical cancers and their prevalence, in the general population of Senegal
.AIMS:
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in Senegalese women aged from 18 years and older.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A study was performed on 498 cervix samples collected from healthy women aged 18 and older in Dakar. 438 other samples were collected from three other regions, Thiès, Saint Louis and Louga. The samples were screened for 21 HPV genotypes using an HPV type-specific E7 PCR bead-based multiplex genotyping assay (TS-MPG) which is a laboratory-developed method for the detection of HPV.
RESULTS:
The prevalence for pHR/HR-HPV in the region of Dakar was 20.68%. HPV 52 (3.21%) was the most prevalent HPV type, followed by HPV 16 (3.01%) and HPV 31 (3.01%). In the regions of Thiès, Louga and Saint Louis, the prevalence for pHR/HR-HPV was 29.19%, 23.15% and 20%, respectively
CONCLUSION:
The study revealed the specificity of the HR-HPV prevalence in Dakar and other regions of Senegal. The patterns differs from the one observed in the other regions of the world and rise the issue of the development of vaccination program in the country. Such a program should take into account the real HPV prevalence for an effective protection of HPV-associated diseases.
 

 

Ahmed G Hegazi

National Research Centre, Egypt

Title: Antibacterial activity of some Saudi Arabia honeys
Speaker
Biography:

Ahmed G Hegazi is currently a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology in the National Research Center, Egypt. He has received his Master’s degree in 1979 and PhD in 1981. His research work has been focused lately on bee products and their therapeutic effects. He is also the President of the Egyptian Environmental Society for Uses and Production of Bee Products, Secretary of the Egyptian Society of Apitherapy, Secretary General of the African Federation of Apiculture Associations and a Member of the International Apitherapy Commission (APIMONDIA).

 

Abstract:

Aim: The current study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some Saudi Arabia honeys against resistant bacterial strain isolates.

Material & Method: Six Saudi Arabia honeys used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains with comparison with manuka honey. The bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter diversus and Salmonella enterica as (Gram negative bacteria).
 
Result: Different levels of inhibition against five bacterial strains were observed when tested Saudi honey. These inhibition levels of inhibition deepen on the type of honey. The overall results showed that the promising potential activity of Saudi honey against different pathogen.
 
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the Saudi honeys inhibit the growth of selected pathogenic bacteria.

 

Hauwa, H

Sokoto State University, Nigeria

Title: BIOSORPTION AND TOLERANCE POTENTIALS OF SOME BACTERIA SPECIES TO HEAVYMETAL FROM CONTAMINATED GOLD MINING SOIL IN ABARE ZAMFARA STATE
Speaker
Biography:

Abstract:

Soil and water pollution are major global concerns of environmental pollution globally,the release of contaminants into the environment by human activities has increased over the past decades. Soil contamination by mining activities has attracted considerable public attention and the magnitude of the problem in the sampling site calls for immediate action. The use of microorganisms for the recovery of heavy metals from soil sediments has generated growing attention because of the inadequacy and high cost of conventional method of metal treatment technologies. Application of natural and abundant sorption material known as biosorbents comprising of microbial biomass and agricultural waste has drawn attention in the scientific world.

This research was aimed to further exploit the potentials of some bacterial specie for the removal of heavy metal from contaminated mining soils, this bacterial species were isolated from the mining soil and the soil was analyzed for it heavy metal content. The toxic metal of interest for biosorption in this work were lead, cupper, and chromium and the biosorbent used were Bacillus  firmus , Bacillus brevis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This bacterial species were tested for their tolerance ability in different heavy metal concentration It was recorded that pseudomonas aeruginosa was tolerant to lead at 800mgl-1Bacillus lentus to cupper at 860mgl -1 and Bacillus firmus to chromium at1000mgl-1. The biosorption ability was also studied for 7days and was calculated using beer lambert’s law of biosorption percentage   and they all showed good uptake ability with Bacillus firmus removing 96.37% cupper, 93.54% lead and 39.24% chromium.  Bacillus brevis remove 97% Cupper, 98% lead and 36% chromium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was able to absorb 97% each of copper and lead and also 36% of chromium. This is a very important and economic friendly technology for heavy metal bioremediation at cheaper cost.

 

Ali Reza Ahmadi

Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Title: Therapeutics Bacteria Against Cancer; Current Advances, Challenges and Opportunities
Speaker
Biography:

Dr. Ali Reza Ahmadi has completed his Ph.D in Laboratory Sciences from Tehran University of Medical Sciences University. He is the director of Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Laboratory Sciences journal

Abstract:

Conventional methods for cancer treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have limitations. In this regard, a new practical strategy, combination of conventional methods with bacteriotherapy, showed a considerable effect on tumor regression and metastasis inhibition. Bacterial-assisted tumor-targeted therapy as therapeutic/gene/drug delivery vehicles is a huge interest for research in the treatment of tumors. The use of whole live, attenuated and/or genetically-modified bacteria only or with combination of conventional methods with different strategies was found to be superior in the experimental models of cancer (tumor regression and increased survival rate).
 

Satish Kumar

AUJ INNOVEDIC, India

Title: Study of antimicrobial potential of important indian medicinal plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria and fungi
Speaker
Biography:

Dr. Satish Kumar has expertise in Assisted Reproduction Technology and Applied Microbiolgy.He is Chief Scientist and Head (Research and Development) Auj Innovedic Ayurvedic company Ambala, Haryana, India. He is actively engaged in Research and teaching in Department of Biotechnology. He has guided eleven M.Tech students in different research areas of Biotechnology and has been member and coordinator of various committees of college and university level. D r .Kumar has M.Sc degree in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , Haryana Agricultural University ,Hisar and PhD in Animal Biotechnology from Chaudhary Devi Lal University , Sirsa , Haryan,India and Authored one Book and Three book chapters Book and Research articles in Journal of International and National Repute. He also serves as member in the scientific advisory board of International Journal of Animal Biotechnology, India. Dr,Kumar is popular speaker who delivered lectures on role of Biotechnology in human welfare and worked with scientists of International repute from top institutions world and and India. He has delivered many lectures in different institutions across country and at international level via webinar on topic “ Advances in Biocatalysis and its impact on early and late development of small molecules to 12 PhD scientists and over 20 Research Associates to Merck Research Laboratories U.S,A. His Students working as Scientist and doing PhDs in US , Canada, Australia etc.

 

Abstract:

Presently emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms is serious problem around the world, so development of alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases is the need of hour. One approach is to search for medicinal plants, for possible antimicrobial property. In the present study five solvents viz. ethanol, methanol, chloroform, hexane and water was used for extraction from eleven selected plants and used against E. coli, P. aeruginosa which normally found in diabetic patients while C. albicans found in cancer patients. A total of 55 plant extracts were used in the present study. Antimicrobial activity of plant extract found maximum in Azadirachata sp. followed by Embilica sp., Psidium sp., Citrus sp., Murraya sp., Cannabis sp. and Piper sp. and minimum in Amaranthus sp. and Coriandrum sp. Ethanolic extracts of Azadirachata sp. and Embilica sp. while aqueous extracts of Cannabis sp. and Embilica sp. was most effective against E. coli. Ethanolic extract of Cannabis sp. showed maximum zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and methanolic extract of citrus sp. found most effective against C. albicans among eleven selected anticancer and antidiabetic plants. The MIC value of the ethanol extract of most promising plant i.e Azadirachata indica was recorded at 5% (5g/100ml). Results from the present study showed that 95% of ethanol extracts of Azadirachata indica had antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Antibiotic susceptibility of test microorganisms displayed that imipenem antibiotic has higher zone of inhibition of against E. coli followed by levofloxacin, cefotaxime, aztreonam, ceftazidime and amikacin. Against P. aeruginosa showed maximum inhibition zone followed by cefotaxime, amikacin, imipenem, azetronam and ceftazidime, while maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against C. albicans using ketoconazole followed by miconazole, nystatin, clotrimazole. These antibiotic principles are actually the defensive mechanisms of the plants against pathogens. Laboratory and clinical studies of eleven selected medicinal plants especially the most promising plant extract are required in order to better understand the antimicrobial properties so as to allows the scientific community to recommend their uses as an accessible alternative to synthetic antibiotics.

 

  • Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for life sciences |Host pathogen Interaction | Paleomicrobiology, Archaeomicrobiology & Microbial Forensics | Bioinformatics for Micro biome | Geomicrobiology | Industrial Microbiology and Future Bio industries| Prebiotics and Probiotics | Human Micro biota | Public Health & Epidemiology
Location: Radisson Narita
Speaker

Chair

Maulin P Shah

Enviro Technology Limited, India

Speaker

Co-Chair

Ewa Solarska

University of Life Sciences in Lublin,Poland

Session Introduction

Jan Bobek

Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Czech Republic

Title: Awakening of Streptomyces: Novel insights into germination of bacterial arthrospores
Speaker
Biography:

Jan Bobek is the Head of Laboratory of Bacteriology in the Institute of Immunology and Microbiology in Prague. His entire professional career encompasses studies of bacterial gene expressions and their regulations. He has published about 20 papers in impacted scientific journals.

 

 

Abstract:

Streptomyces is a bacterial clade deeply studied for the capacity of its members to produce a wide variety of valuable compounds including antibiotics. Spore germination, as a developmental counterpoint to the production phase, represents an exceptional study model of bacterial cell differentiation that presents a complete transformation of cellular morphology and the restoration of all physiological processes. Dormant spores possess unique intracellular conditions where macromolecules are present, stabilized in a trehalose-milieu. The subsequent water influx into the hydrophobic cells retriggers the cellular metabolism. Then, germination can be understood as a sequence of cellular responses to external signals that are eventually reflected in complete cell reconstruction. The whole process is subjected to various controlling mechanisms that are responsible for appropriate changes in gene expression. Even production of secondary metabolites has been found recently presumably to coordinate the development by means of the intercellular communication. Focusing on the fore mentioned points, current knowledge about the process of germination in Streptomyces will be presented.

 

Lucia Aquilanti

Politecnica delle Marche, Italy

Title: Microbiota and key technological features of naturally fermented Crithmum maritimum sprouts
Speaker
Biography:

Lucia Aquilanti has completed her PhD in Applied Biomolecular Sciences from Marche Polytechnic University, Italy in 2005. She is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences of Marche Polytechnic University on numerous research topics, including the microbial dynamics of naturally fermented foods and the selection of starters or adjuncts for the manufacture of fermented products. She has published 69 papers in international peer-reviewed journals (indexed scopus and wos) and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of a number of reputed international peer-reviewed journals.
 

 

Abstract:

Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel) is a halophyte plant that grows spontaneously along the Italian East coasts; it is equipped with adaptive mechanisms that enables it to complete its entire life-clycle at high salinity and hence to generate economic yields although exposed to salt stress conditions. Its valuable nutritional and functional traits (i.e. high content in C vitamin, flavonoids, polyphenols, etc.) makes this blue source a sustainable and economically valuable opportunity for industrial manufacturing/commercialization of high value products. Currently, sea fennel is only marginally exploited by few artisan or semi-industrial enterprises for manufacturing of unfermented preserves in brine or olive oil, pesto-like sauces, fresh-cut and semi-finished products and no fermented preserves are commercialized, yet in either national and international markets. Given these premises, this research was aimed at exploiting Italian sea fennel cultivars, with a high adaptation to adriatic climates, high nutrients density and unique functional properties, for the production of fermented sea-fennel based preserved. To this end, the microbiota dominating during the natural fermentation of sea fennel sprouts in brine was monitored by using culture-dependent (viable counting, isolation of pure cultures) and independent microbilogical methods (PCR-DGGE and next-generation sequencing). In parallel, the main techconological parameters of the fermented sea fennel sprouts (pH, TTA, lactic acid and acetic acid contet, C vitamin content) and the isolated lactic acid bacteria cultures (acidifying activity, CO2 production, etc.) were also investigated. As a result, the main lactic acid bacteria species guiding the fermentation were identified, isolated and preliminary characterized.

 

Klaudia Gustaw

University of Life Science in Lublin , Poland

Title: Production of mannitol by novel strain of Lactobacillus hilgardii
Speaker
Biography:

Klaudia Gustaw is a PhD student at the Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition within the University of Life Sciences in Lublin and since October she have also been working as an assistant lecturer. The subject of PhD thesis is the use and role of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria in foood technology. She has published 5 papers in JCR jurnals, she is the co-author of one patent application. From 2019, she is the project manager of the project 2018/29/N/NZ9/00985 financed by National Science Center od Poland.
 

 

Abstract:

Mannitol is a six-carbon compound, classified as sugar alcohol or polyol. It is similiar to sorbitol or xylitol. Occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, can be only partially absorbed in the intestines and has zero glycemic index, also is half as sweet as sucrose. Therefore mannitol is used as a sweetner, most often due to its high cost in combination with other sweeteners. As a food additive it is considererd a healthy ingredient. Mannitol is known as osmotic diuretic, has antioxidant properties, and neutralizes hydroxyl radicals. Currently, is industrially produced through catalytic hydrogenation of a 1: 1 glucose and fructose mixture using high temperature and pressure. However, production of manitol on industrial scale is not efficient due to the fact that, the final mixture contains only 25% mannitol. What is more, products of this reaction still require to be purified.
Due to high production cost and low efficiency, new biotechnological production methods are highly desirable nowadays. This study focuses around the use of lactic acid bacteria, which are capable of converting D-fructose into D-mannitol through mannitol dehydrogenases.
In this study we use Lactobacillus hilgardii to produce mannitol. This strain was isolated from mead, where its influence was unfavorable. However, properties of the environment such like mead adapted this strian to be a potential candidate to be a efficient mannitol producer.
 

 

Jaroslav Budis

Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia

Title: Pheri - Sequence based classification of bacteriophages

Time : 16:00 -16:30

Speaker
Biography:

Jaroslav Budis graduated recently from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of the Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Despite the age of 31, he is a main autor and co-author of several publications in genomics, metagenomics and bioinformatics and 4 patent applications in non-invasive chromosomal detection, fetal disorders and the protection of genomic data, one of which has already been approved. He leads a team of 8 bioinformatics scientists in the Geneton 

Abstract:

Bacteriophages are viral particles that infect and replicate inside bacterial organisms. Since they are specific to a particular strain of bacteria, advances in their research could lead to novel means of targeted treatment without adverse effects on natural microbiome in patient’s body. Moreover, this treatment could be effective against bacterial strains with antibiotic resistance. One of the main bottlenecks of bacteriophage research is inability to cultivate some of the phages due to missing information about their hosts.

We designed a bioinformatics pipeline, called Pheri (Phage Host ExploRatIon), to predict bacteriophage hosts from its genomic sequence. The decision is supported by a set of genes that should correspond to the specificity of the phage. We evaluated the pipeline on a set of 6277 phage sequences downloaded from several publicly available databases.

Our pipeline has a potential to assist in discovery and characterization of novel phages and underlying mechanisms behind their behavior.

 

 

Miroslav Böhmer

Comenius University, Science Park, Slovakia

Title: Identification of microbial diversity in grape must by whole metagenome sequencing

Time : 16:30 - 17:00

Speaker
Biography:

Abstract:

Wine is a complex beverage, which consist of hundreds of metabolites through the action of bacteria and yeasts. These microbial communities play an important role during the winemaking process, as they metabolize sugars from grapes and produce secondary metabolites that influence aromatic quality of wine. However, there is not enough knowledge about these microbial communities. Our goal is to accurately identify bacteria, yeasts, and especially bacteriophages, the most abundant organisms in biosphere, in grape must from Small Carpathian wine-producing region through the whole metagenomic sequencing method.
We extracted total DNA from the grape must and performed whole metagenome sequencing approach using Illumina NextSeq platform. Data obtained were analyzed with several bioinformatic methods. We used Meta-spades to assembly reads. The likely taxonomic source of each contig was estimated using BLAST. VirFinder was used to identify bacteriophage sequences from unidentified bacterial contigs. Reads were then classified with Clark using bacterial, viral and fungi database. We summarized taxonomic labels to the form of Krona graphs.
The whole metagenome sequencing approach allowed the identification of complex microbial community. We identified a good amount of microbial diversity and also some potential bacteriophage sequences.
Wine has a very diverse community of microorganisms. We examined this variety of microbial communities in grape must from Small Carpathian wine-producing region. This study allowed for a better characterization of grape must microbiome and helped to understand specificity of wine in this region.

 

Mohammad Magdy El Metwally

Damanhour University, Egypt

Title: New bioactive secondary metabolites from Streptomyces lividans
Speaker
Biography:

Mohammad Magdy El-Metwally is currently working in Department of Botany and microbiology, Faculty of Science at Damanhour University, Egypt. Magdy international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. Magdy research interests reflect in Magdy’s wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Abstract:

During our search for bioactive compounds from actinomycetes, the Streptomyces lividans was large scale fermented on rice solid medium, followed by working and purification, affording the new 1-nona-decanoyl, 4-oleyl disuccinate (1), the bacterial new metabolite: filoboletic acid; (9Z,11E)-8,13-dihydroxy octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (2), and the microbial new metabolite: sitosteryl-3 -D-glucoside (3). This was in addition to further ten known bioactive metabolites: ferulic acid (4), glycerol linoleate, linoleic acid, indol-3-acetic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid, 3-(hydroxy-acetyl)-indole, indol-3-carboxylic, p-hydroxy-benzoic acid and uracil. The chemical structures of the new metabolites (1-3) were confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry, and by comparison with literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract was studied using a set of microorganisms. The isolation and taxonomical characterization of Streptomyces griseorubens strain ASMR4 is reported as well.

 

Davinder Singh

Himachal Pharmacy College, India

Title: Synthesis, spectral studies and antimicrobial activity of coumarin derivatives
Speaker
Biography:

Davinder Singh has expertise in Pharmaceutical Chemistry as synthesized of various coumarin derivatives. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at
Himachal Pharmacy College. He has synthesized total eight coumarin derivatives and checked their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative
bacteria. To overcome the resistant problem, these derivatives can be used with some herbal medicines to synergism its effect.

Abstract:

These research study is aimed to synthesize a serious of various substituted derivatives of 8-methyl-2-substituted-6H-chromeno [6, 7-d] oxazol-6-one (6a-6f) and (7a-7b) from 6-Amino-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one by reaction with different substituted aldehydes and acetic anhydrides in the presence of glacial acetic acid and pyridine. The structure for compounds has been determined by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds 1-8 have been screened for their anti-microbial activity with reference drug Ciprofloxacin by using cup-plate method. Among all the synthesized derivatives, compounds which are substituted with 4-phenyl (6a), 4-bromo phenyl (6b), 4-nitro phenyl (6c), 4-chloro phenyl (6d), 2-chlorophenyl (6f) exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MTCC 614) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160). Coumarin nucleus incorporating oxazole moiety also possess synergism with total eight conventional antibacterial agents, i.e. chloramphenicol (CL), gentamycin (CN), fosfomycin (FF), levofloxacin (LE), minocycline (MI), tazobactam (P/T), teicoplanin (TE), vancomycin (VA), against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.

 

K.M.Yacob

Marma Heatth Centre, India

Title: The purpose of temperature of fever
Speaker
Biography:

K M Yacob is a practicing Physician in the field of Healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 30 years and is very much interested in basic research.

Abstract:

When the disease becomes threat to life or organs blood circulation decreases, Temperature of fever will emerges to increase prevailing blood circulation. And it acts as a protective covering of the body to sustain life. When blood flow decrease to brain, the patient becomes fainted-delirious. If we try to decreases temperature of fever, the blood circulation will further reduced. Blood circulation never increases without temperature increase. Delirious can never be cured without increase in blood circulation. The temperature of fever is not a surplus temperature or it is not to be eliminated from the body. During fever, our body temperature increases like a brooding hen`s increased body temperature. The actual treatment to fever is to increase blood circulation. Two ways to increase blood circulation. (1) Never allow body temperature to lose and (2) Apply heat from outside to the body. When the temperature produced by body due to fever and heat which we applied on the body combines together, the blood circulation increases. Then body will stop to produce heat to increase blood circulation. And body will get extra heat from outside without any usage of energy. How can we prove that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation? If we ask any type of question related to fever by assuming that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation we will get a clear answer. If avoid or evade from this definition we will never get proper answer to even a single question. If we do any type of treatment by assuming that the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation , the body will accept, at the same time body will resist whatever treatment to decrease blood circulation. No further evidence is required to prove the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation.