5^th World Conference on Applied Microbiology and Beneficial Microbes November 25-26, 2020 Singapore City, Singapore

Novel aspects of applied microbiology in relation to animal health, it is intended to describe and enhance understanding of the role of microorganisms in animal health and disease, and provides an excellent grounding in microbiology molecular biology, immunology and epidemiology.This grounding leads into the study of the complex mechanisms of host/microbe interactions that are involved in the pathogenesis of specific animal diseases, and provides insights into diagnosis and interventions, such as vaccines, essential for disease control. This is concerned with microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) diseases of domesticated vertebrate animals (livestock, companion animals, fur-bearing animals, poultry, but excluding fish) that supply food, other useful products or companionship. In addition, Microbial diseases of wild animals living in captivity, or as members of the feral fauna will also be considered if the infections are of interest because of their interrelation with humans and/or domestic animals.

Microorganisms make good weapons and bioterrorism has been known to exist since centuries. This has most recently been highlighted by the terrorist attack using anthrax in the fall of 2001 in U.S. Although such attacks of bioterrorism are few, forensic evidence to criminally prosecute the perpetrator is necessary. To strengthen defence against bio crimes, a comprehensive technological network involving various fields needs to be developed. Microbial forensics is one such new discipline combining microbiology and forensic science. It uses advanced molecular techniques like microarray analysis and DNA fingerprinting etc. to associate the source of the causative agent with a specific individual or group by measuring variations between related strains.

Biofuel is energy source made of living things, or the waste that living things turn out. Supporters of biofuels argue that their use might considerably cut back greenhouse emissions; whereas burning the fuels produces CO2, growing the plants or biomass removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Food Microbiology & Industrial Microbiology these are the primarily inter-dependent on each other. One cannot work without the other. The open use of the microbes in all the major industries, such as the dairy, food and beverage, leather, textiles, among others, are a major part in the Industrial Microbiology. Microbes, mostly bacteria are regarded as biotechnological "reactors" in countless processes such as, the protein, food and beverage production, tanning etc. fermentation processes, mostly intracellular and/or extra cellular enzymes, microbial cells and microbial biomass also the chemicals produced by microbes. In Food Microbiology, one almost always sees it as a complication. Microbes in food and beverages are quite beneficial- mostly! Food Microbiology, which is the application of microbes in various industrial processes such as, production, fermentation or processing of foods. The complexity of using inter-microbial species in the processes, ethical and food safety issues in the molecular manipulation in food engineering is done with the challenges. The most essential by-products of the beneficial bacteria that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in our digestive system is called as  Probiotics , as well as Prebiotics are the un-digested carbohydrates of our ingested food, which is  cannot be absorbed by the human intestines- thereby they are utilized as foods of the probiotic bacteria. Miso soup, sauerkraut, yogurt, fermented, soft cheeses and sourdough bread and buttermilk these are the best sources of probiotics.

The main therapeutic goal of modern cardiology is to develop novel approaches to minimize inflammation, myocardial necrosis/apoptosis, and enhance cardiac repair after MI. Though MI can be affected by genetic and environmental factors, the search for targeting lifestyle factors has been of greater interest. One such potential factor is the micro biota, the human intestinal microbial community. The disruption of intestinal flora structure provokes MI and poor prognosis. Since gut micro biota is readily modifiable through a variety of interventions, it can be targeted to modulate the host signalling pathways involved in inflammation and MI pathogenesis. Symbiosis bacteria can reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury and inflammation; moreover, they can regulate lipid metabolism, blood pressure, apoptosis, MI size, and overall cardiac survival. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of MI following the symbiosis micro biota and give an update on a micro biota-based therapeutic strategy to delay or prevent MI.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology deals with the study of microorganisms that is concerned within the manufacture of prescribed drugs e.g. minimizing the quantity of microorganisms in an exceedingly method setting,  excluding  microorganisms and  microorganism by-products like exotoxin and endotoxin from water and alternative beginning materials, and making certain the finished pharmaceutical product is sterile. Alternative aspects of pharmaceutical biological science embrace the analysis and development of anti-infective agents, the employment of microorganisms to sight agent and malignant neoplastic disease activity in prospective medication, and therefore the use of microorganisms within the manufacture of pharmaceutical product like endocrine and human human growth hormone.

The collection of microbes living in and on our body - have a significant impact on human health and well-being. They have been associated with numerous diseases, yet we have barely understood their role in the context of life-style and genetics. Various initiatives are underway around the world to survey the human micro biota at several body sites, characterise them, understand their interactions with the human hosts, elucidate their role in diseases, and design possible therapeutic or dietary interventions.

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Public health aims to improve the quality of life through prevention and treatment of disease, including mental health. This is done through the surveillance of cases and health indicators, and through the promotion of healthy behaviours. Public health refers to all organized measures to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Modern public health practice requires multidisciplinary teams of public health workers and professionals. Teams might include epidemiologists, biostatisticians, medical assistants, public health nurses, midwives or medical microbiologists. Depending on the need environmental health officers or public health inspectors, bioethicists, and even veterinarians, Gender experts, Sexual and reproductive health specialists.

Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut micro biota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. This goal is formidable. The gut micro biota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. Viewing the micro biota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments. The gut met genome is the aggregate of all the genomes of gut micro biota. The gut micro biota plays a key role in digestion, metabolism and immune function, and has a widespread impact beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the biodiversity of the gut micro biota are associated with far-reaching consequences on host health and development. Diet, functional foods, and gut micro biota transplantation are areas that have yielded some therapeutic success in modulating the gut micro biota and warrant further investigation of their effects on various disease states.

The study of the microorganisms of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host is generally known as Oral Microbiology. The growth of characteristics microorganisms depends on the environment present in the human mouth found there. Oral bacteria have evolved mechanisms to sense their environment and modify the host.  Water, nutrients as well as a moderate temperature are some of the common source provided for the survival of these microbes. The resident microbes present in the mouth adhere to the teeth and gums to resist the mechanical flushing from the mouth to stomach. After reaching to stomach the acid-sensitive microbes are destroyed by hydrochloric acid.

It is a term representative of the amalgamation of several sciences. Under this banner, fields of bionics, genetic engineering and cybernetics are all in play. This collective study of different sciences coming together has allowed us to explore how robotics can interact with biology. In its wake, Bio robotics essentially allows robotics to be a substantial substitute for biological organism in a chemical as well as a mechanical capacity. Bio robotics replicates the biological understanding of living organisms and reproduces their characteristics through artificial means. The theoretical discipline of comprehensively engineering genetic information to develop new robotic designs is one aspect of Bio robotics. Another aspect is the use of biological specimens as components of a functioning robot.

In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. It examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal–bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbiosis, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. It highlights the recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal–bacterial interaction and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we are going to seek a better understanding of the natural world.

The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. Because of this, the definition has been expanded to how known pathogens survive within their host, whether they cause disease or not. On the molecular and cellular level, microbes can infect the host and divide rapidly, causing disease by being there and causing a homeostatic imbalance in the body, or by secreting toxins which cause symptoms to appear. Viruses can also infect the host with virulent DNA, which can affect normal cell processes (transcription, translation, etc.), protein folding, or evading the immune response.

Paleomicrobiology – Past Human Infections' features the methods and main achievements in this emerging field of research at the intersection of microbiology and evolution, history and anthropology. New molecular approaches have already provided exciting results, such as confirmation of a single biotype of Yersinia pestis as the causative agent of historical plague pandemics, and the closer proximity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from ancient skeletons to modern strains than to Mycobacterium bovis, shedding new light on the evolution of major human pathogens and pathogen–population relationships. Firm microbiological diagnoses also provide historians and anthropologists with new data on which to base evaluation of past epidemics.

Microbes inhabit virtually all sites of the human body, yet we know very little about the role they play in our health. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying human-associated microbial communities, particularly since microbial disposes have now been implicated in a number of human diseases. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it feasible to perform large-scale studies of microbial communities, providing the tools. Rapidly developing sequencing methods and analytical techniques, the human microbiome on different spatial and temporal scales, including daily time series datasets spanning months. Furthermore, emerging concepts related to defining operational taxonomic units, diversity indices, core versus transient microbiomes, are enhancing our ability to understand the human micro biome.

Geomicrobiology is that the results of the mixture of earth science and biological science. The sphere of geomicrobiology considerations the role of germ and microbial processes in earth science and geochemical processes and the other way around. The sphere of geomicrobiology considerations the role of germ and microbial processes in earth science and geochemical processes. The sphere is very vital once addressing microorganisms in aquifers and public drinkable providers.

Industrial microbiology is primarily associated with the commercial exploitation of microorganisms, and involves processes and products that are of major economic, environmental and gregarious consequentiality throughout the world. There are two key aspects of industrial microbiology, the first relating to engenderment of valuable microbial products via Fermentation processes. The second aspect is the role of microorganisms in providing accommodations, particularly for waste treatment and pollution control, which utilizes their abilities to degrade virtually all natural and man-made products.

Prebiotics and probiotics may be useful in achieving positive effects which include the enhanced immune function, improved colonic integrity, decreased incidence and duration of intestinal infections, down-regulated allergic response, improved digestion and elimination. Probiotics and prebiotics share a unique role in human nutrition, largely centering on manipulation of populations or activities of the bacteria that colonize our bodies. The probiotic bacteria have the potential to augment or modify the host immune function through the regulation of host immune cells.

Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans. These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. This led to more advanced microorganisms, which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these groups has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil.