Hyun Gee Lee has completed his Master's degree at the age of 26 years from Yonsei University. He is currently a researcher at AMOREPACIFIC.

Oral hygiene products having various kinds of calculus inhibitory effects are being introduced on the market. However, there is no mention of the effects on microorganisms in oral hygiene products that have the effect of inhibiting dental calculus formation. The object of this study is to identify the causative microorganisms that influence dental calculus production. A total of 80 calculus patients are recruited. After scaling initially, two groups were randomly assigned the toothpaste according to the presence of calculus inhibitors. Allow 90 days of use and perform microbial analysis before and after use. Microbial community analysis was performed using NGS (Next Generation Sequencing). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed to characterize the overall characteristics of the dental calculus-inducing microbiome before and after product use. In the control group, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference in the bacterial community composition before and after using the product in both weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance. The test group showed significant differences in bacterial community composition before and after using the product in both weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance. A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSE) analysis was performed to identify bacteria with significant differences before and after use of the product. Haemophilus parainfluenzae was identified as a bacterium that causes dental calculus formation. Streptococcus has been identified as a normal oral flora. When dental calculus formation inhibitors were used, the changes in oral microbiome were identified and Haemophilus parainfluenzae was identified as a bacterium that can induce dental calculus formation.

Karolina Włodarczyk is a PhD student at the Department of Genetics and Microbiology at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology. M.Sc. Włodarczyk studies the symbiotic interactions between the soil bacteria, Rhizobium, and the legume plant – Chamaecytisus albus.

Chamaecytisus albus is a species that is strictly protected in Poland. In 2016, it was recognized as a critically endangered and included into „The Polish Red List of Fern and Flowering Plants” (Kaźmierczakowa, 2016). The only one natural habitat of the Chamaecystisus albus in Poland is near Hrubieszów, in the south-eastern part of Poland (Przemyski, 2009). Chamaecystisus albus belongs to the Fabaceae family, therefore it is able to establish symbiotic interactions with the Gram-negative bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae family, which process provides an additional nitrogen source for the plant. Until now, microsymbionts of Chamaecytisus albus were not studied, thus the aim of the study was to determine the genetic diveristy of strains dwelling in Chamaecytisus albus tissues. More than 100 isolates were obtained from root nodules of Chamaecytisus albus and used for genomic DNA isolation. After that, fragments of some housekeeping genes (gyrB encoding beta subunit of gyrase and recA encoding recombinase A) were amplified and sequenced. Obtained results revealed that most of isolates belong to Bradyrhizobium, whereas some strains can be classified as Rhizobium, Phyllobacterium or Bosea. Some strains isolated from Chamaecytisus nodules revealed the highest sequence similarity to Phyllobacterium species, however, this similarity of gyrB and recA gene sequences between these strains and reference Phyllobacterium genera was so low, that it can be speculated that isolated strains could belong to a new species within the genus Phyllobacterium

We have isolated the bacterium, Pseudomonas alcaligenes A25, from the soil, which has the capability to degrade DEHP efficiently. At low concentrations 100 mg L-1, it is about 24 h to degrade DEHP near 76% and at high concentrations 600mg L-1, it is about 48 h to degrade DEHP near 87%. The strain A25 could degrade 98% DEHP within 192 h. We found that strain A25 produces the extracellular enzymes by DEHP induction. The extracellular enzyme would also degrade tributyrin on the agar medium plates. The optimal conditions for DEHP degradation were 40℃ and pH 8.0. The addition of different nutrient sources and surfactants would have the effects on the degradation of DEHP. Pseudomonas alcaligenes A25, as a newly discovered bacterium from our local environments, can efficiently degrade DEHP. It has a potential to be applied on bio-remediation of environmental pollutants with DEHP.

He has completed my Master’s (18-year) at the age of 26 years from Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University 66020, Sindh, Pakistan. Currently, working as Research Assistant at Institute of Microbiology in Higher Education Commission HEC funded project

Substance correspondence is pervasive in science, thus endeavors in building persuading cell impersonates must think about how cells carry on a populace level. Basic model frameworks have been worked in the research facility that show correspondence between various counterfeit cells and fake cells with common, living cells. Models incorporate counterfeit cells that rely upon simply abiological parts and replica cells worked from natural segments and are driven by organic systems. Be that as it may, a counterfeit cell exclusively worked to convey artificially without conveying the apparatus required for self-safeguarding can't stay dynamic for extensive stretches of time. What is required is to start incorporating the pathways required for synthetic correspondence with metabolic-like science so powerful replica frameworks can be constructed that better advise science and help in the age of new advancements.

Background: Microbiological contamination plays salient role in governing the outcome and time span in the hospital for burn victims in burn unit. Therefore, regular supervision of microbes and its resistance pattern is mandatory. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria provoked researchers to develop new plans to combat against the threat. Objective: To assess the infectious organisms in patients admitted in hospital and to know the drug resistance of isolates and ascertain the effectiveness of antibiotics against microbes that are found in burn patients and evaluate burn patients clinically. Methodology: Descriptive case study performed and Quantitative data was collected in Jan 2019 to April 2019,Due to certain limitations,200 sample from burn patients admitted in Pak Italian Burn Unit Multan was collected, processed for culture, bacterial identifications and to test the antibiotics sensitivity in accordance with CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines. Results: Frequency T test applied on 200 samples and enter data in SPSS Version 21, Gram negative bacteria were 189 (94.5%) and gram positive were 11 (5.5%).Organisms isolated were Proteus vulgaris 53 (26.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 47 (23.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (22.5%), Enterobacter 44 (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11 (5.5%). Imipenem 156 (78%), Meropenem150 (75%), Moxifloxacin 17(8.5%), Levofloxacin 67 (33.5%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 123 (61.5%), Oxifloxacin 22 (11%) and Amikacin 16 (8%) were used for antibiotic sensitivity. Conclusion: patients’ restored clinically because of stable lab reports including liver function tests, serum electrolytes, hemoglobin, renal and coagulation profiles due to the use of new regime of antibiotics. This study proved to be successful because antibiotic associated complications were decreased significantly as a result mortality rate declination was also noticed in all the types of burn patients.

Dr. G. Murtaza has completed his PhD at the age of 36 years from University of Agriculture. He is Assistant Professor in Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Pakistan. He has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals.

Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses (Family Geminiviridae; genus Begomovirus) are known to occur in the Indian subcontinent for a long time but recently emerged as major pathogens on food and fiber crops. During a field survey in 2012-13, Eclipta (E.) prostrata leaf samples showing vein-yellowing symptoms were collected from two different districts of the Punjab, Pakistan. Amplification of the full-length viral molecules and associated satellite molecules was performed through rolling circle amplification (RCA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cloning, sequencing and sequence analysis of full-length virus and associated satellites showed E. prostrata as a source of multiple and diverse alphasatellite molecules associated with Alternanthera yellow vein virus (AlYVV). AlYVV was a recombination-free virus, showing 95% sequence homology with AlYVV from China. E. prostrata carries two different alphasatellite molecules i.e., Tomato yellow leaf curl China alphasatellite (TYLCCNAEcl) and a new species, Eclipta yellow vein alphasatellite (ECYVA). TYLCCNAEcl showed 88% sequence homology to Tomato yellow leaf curl China alphasatellite (TYLCCNA) while ECYVA showed 72% sequence homology with Holly-hock yellow vein alphasatellite. There was no betasatellite molecule found to be associated with vein yellowing disease of E. prsotrata. The TYLCCNAEcl was a recombinant molecule with recombination of alpha-rep region from TYLCCNA, while A-rich region from Tobacco curly shoot alphasatellite. This is the first report of a recombinant alphasatellite. The other molecule ECYVA did not show any level of recombination with other alphasatellites. The data presented here would help in understanding the role of weeds in speedy evolution of begomoviruses associated satellites.