8^th World Conference on Applied Microbiology and Beneficial Microbes March 20-21, 2023 Tokyo, Japan

Track 01:  Medical microbiology

A branch of medical science involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases is known as medical microbiology, a sizable subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine. Additionally, this branch of science investigates numerous clinical uses of microorganisms for enhancing health. Bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and one particular infectious protein known as a prion are the four types of microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

Track 02:  Pharmaceutical microbiology

An applied subfield of microbiology is pharmaceutical microbiology. It entails the research of microorganisms related to the production of pharmaceuticals, such as reducing the number of microorganisms in a process environment, eliminating microorganisms and microbial byproducts like exotoxin and endotoxin from water and other starting materials, and guaranteeing the sterility of the final pharmaceutical product.Additional facets of pharmaceutical microbiology include the study and development of anti-infectives, the use of microorganisms to test potential medications for mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, and the use of microorganisms in the production of pharmaceuticals like insulin and human growth hormone.

Track 03: Industrial microbiology

A subfield of biotechnology known as industrial microbiology uses microbial sciences to manufacture industrial goods in large quantities, frequently utilising microbial cell factories. To maximise product yields, a microorganism can be manipulated in a variety of ways. By exposing an organism to mutagens, mutations can be introduced into the organism. Gene amplification is another method of boosting output.

Track 04: Food microbiology

The study of the microbes that live on, produce, or infect food is known as food microbiology. This includes researching the microbes responsible for food spoilage, pathogens that can spread disease (especially if food is prepared or stored incorrectly), microbes that create fermented foods like cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer, and wine, as well as microbes with other beneficial functions like creating probiotics.

Track 05: Agricultural microbiology

The study of bacteria that are connected to plants is known as agricultural microbiology. It tries to deal with issues in farming methods typically brought on by a lack of biodiversity in microbial communities. In order to improve aspects like soil nutrients, plant-pathogen resistance, crop robustness, fertiliser uptake efficiency, and other things, it is helpful to have a good grasp of microbial strains that are relevant to agricultural applications. In the long run, the numerous symbiotic interactions between plants and bacteria can be taken advantage of to increase food production, which is important to feed the growing human population, as well as to develop safer agricultural methods for the sake of avoiding ecological impact.

(a) Plant microbiology and  Plant pathology

Microbiologists study how important soil bacteria are. Others use microorganisms to control weeds and insect pests, while some concentrate on managing plant diseases and pests.The scientific study of plant illnesses brought on by pathogens and environmental factors is known as plant pathology. Fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes, and parasitic plants are examples of the organisms that cause infectious disease. In addition, the study of pathogen identification, disease aetiology, disease cycles, economic impact, epidemiology of plant diseases, resistance to plant diseases, the effects of plant diseases on people and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases are all included in the field of plant pathology.

(b) Soil microbiology

The study of soil microorganisms, their roles, and how they impact soil characteristics is known as soil microbiology. The first known bacteria and microbes on Earth are thought to have originated in the waters between two and four billion years ago. These bacteria had the ability to fix nitrogen, and as they grew over time, they released oxygen into the environment. This resulted in more sophisticated microbes, which are crucial because they impact soil fertility and structure. The several types of soil microorganisms include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungus, algae, and protozoa. Each of these groupings has traits that characterise them and their roles in the soil.

Track 06: Veterinary microbiology

The study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that cause infections in humans or animals is known as veterinary microbiology. This covers the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning pathogen pathogenicity, pathogen identification and diagnosis, pathogen epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance.

Track 07: Environmental microbiology

O Environmental microbiology is the study of microbial interactions, communities, and processes in the environment. This comprises:
O Microbial communities' makeup and activity.
O Interactions between macroorganisms and microbes.
O the biology of microbial population.
O Surfaces and microbes (adhesion and biofilm formation).
O Element cycles, biogeochemical processes, and global evolutionary processes in microbial communities.
O Extreme and unique, little-studied settings with microbial life.

(a) Microbial ecology

Microbiological ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and their surroundings. It focuses on viruses as well as the three primary realms of life: Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria.

(b) Microbially mediated nutrient cycling

The movement and interchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the formation of matter is known as a nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling). While the transfer of minerals and nutrients is cyclical, the flow of energy is unidirectional and noncyclic. The carbon, sulphur, nitrogen, water, phosphorus, and oxygen cycles are just a few of the mineral cycles that are constantly recycled with other mineral components into beneficial ecological nutrition.

(c) Geomicrobiology

A key branch of geobiology, geomicrobiology is the scientific discipline that combines geology with microbiology. It focuses on how microbes affect geological and geochemical processes as well as how minerals and metals affect microbial survival, growth, and activity. These interactions take place in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (which includes rocks, minerals, soils, and sediments). Geomicrobiology is the study of the microbes that regulate the biogeochemical cycles of the Earth, mediate the precipitation and dissolution of minerals, and sorb and concentrate metals. Applications include, for instance, climate change mitigation, mining, bioremediation, and public water supplies.

(d) Microbial diversity

The diversity of unicellular creatures, including bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi, is known as microbiology. The biosphere is populated by a wide variety of bacteria that define the bounds of life and foster the survival and evolution of other living things.

(e) Bioremediation

A subfield of biotechnology known as "bioremediation" uses live organisms, such as bacteria and microorganisms, to remove contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments.
Cleanup of contaminated groundwater or environmental issues like oil spills may be accomplished via bioremediation.

Track 08: Water microbiology

Microorganisms that reside in or can be moved by water from one habitat to another are the focus of water microbiology. In water, a wide variety of microorganisms can develop. This might be helpful. Additionally, some bacteria that develop in contaminated water can aid in the digestion of the water's toxins.
The presence of additional disease-causing bacteria in water, however, is hazardous and even fatal.

Track 09: Food Microbiology

The study of the microbes that live on, produce, or infect food is known as food microbiology. This involves research on the microorganisms responsible for food deterioration and potential disease-causing infections. Bacteria that are utilised to make fermented foods like cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer, and wine, as well as microbes with additional beneficial functions such creating probiotics.

Track 10:  Aeromicrobiology

The study of living bacteria that are suspended in the air is known as aeromicrobiology. Bioaerosols are the name for these bacteria. Even though there are a lot less atmospheric microorganisms than in oceans and soil, there are still plenty for the atmosphere to be affected. When these germs are suspended in the air column, they have the ability to travel great distances with the aid of wind and precipitation, which increases the likelihood of widespread disease caused by these microbes. Because these aerosols have been linked to sickness in people, animals, and plants, they are important ecologically. Typically, bacteria will be suspended in clouds, where they can carry out chemically altering processes and even cause precipitation.

Track 11: Biotechnology

The term "biotechnology" refers to a broad range of techniques for altering living things for human benefit. These techniques date back to the domestication of animals and the cultivation of plants, as well as "improvements" made to them through breeding programmes that use artificial selection and hybridization. Genetic engineering and cell and tissue culture technologies are being used in modern times.

Track 12: Pharmaceutical Microbiology

An applied subfield of microbiology is pharmaceutical microbiology. It entails the research of microorganisms related to the production of pharmaceuticals, such as reducing the number of microorganisms in a process environment, eliminating microorganisms and microbial byproducts like exotoxin and endotoxin from water and other starting materials, and guaranteeing the sterility of the final pharmaceutical product. The study and development of anti-infectives, the use of microorganisms to screen potential medications for mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, and the use of microorganisms in the production of pharmaceuticals like insulin and human growth hormone are all additional facets of pharmaceutical microbiology.

Track 13: Clinical Microbiology

In order to control and treat infectious organisms in patients, clinical microbiology focuses on the isolation and characterization of these organisms. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can all cause infections. A sample from a patient must be taken at a body place where the presence of a pathogen or its associated biomarkers is likely to indicate disease in order to diagnose an infection.